top of page
Search
ralfjones1991

Contemporary Vietnamese An Intermediate Text Pdf







































Printable version of ASCL course offerings 2020-2021 (PDF) ... Ishida: Arrange; JAPN 23.01 Intermediate Modern Japanese; Watanabe: Arrange ... ASCL 60.24 Image and Text in Modernizing Japan; Dorsey: 10A; ASCL 61.06 ... ASCL 70.22 Developing Vietnam: History, Environment, and Culture; Miller: C; .... English Short Stories for Beginners and Intermediate Learners: ... For Beginners PDF Download Online, This is the best book with amazing content.Get the ... Contemporary Vietnamese: An Intermediate Text (Southeast Asian .... Continuation of Arabic language on the intermediate level. Students who already ... This course introduces students to various texts of modern Arabic prose and poetry and their development through time. We will ... This course is for students with no prior knowledge of Vietnamese. ... Download 2020-21 Undergraduate PDF.. Foreign Service Institute Contemporary Cambodian – Web site ... Offers lessons for beginners and also students at intermediate and advanced levels. ... The text (PDF) and tapes (MP3) present, in a programmed learning style, the structural features and ... Learn here some phrases that will help you survive in Vietnam.. short videos on the habitats they had learned about during storybook reading ... 2015 (http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oela/fast-facts/pel.pdf [February 23, 2017]) ... high schools—It takes a Village Academy—was studying the Vietnam War. ... Dismantling Contemporary Deficit Thinking: Educational Thought and Practice .... This is because I am relatively new to learning Vietnamese and don't have ... for elementary and intermediate levels - for use with 'Let's Speak Vietnamese' and ... You can, of course, find the audio (and a pdf of the older revision) online but the ... There are, however, audio drills for each lesson, but no text or answer key to .... ... T (2014) Transnational Impact on Urban Change: Modern Projects in Vinh, Vietnam. ... Prigge W (2008) Reading the Urban Revolution: Space and representation. ... Rural Urbanization and the development of Small and Intermediate Towns. ... Architecture_HCM_2014.pdf Simon D, McGregor D und Thompson D (2006) .... Intermediate French. 4 Units. Texts of contemporary literary or social interest provide the focus for more advanced conversation, reading, and composition. Classes .... Let's Speak Vietnamese - An Introduction to Contemporary Vietnamese - 3rd Edition Learn ... of speaking, writing, reading and listening including free downloadable audio files and audio flashcards. ... 8.5' X 11' - 2nd Edition - August 2019. by BB Hirth · 2016 — am investigating through literature, World War II, the Vietnam War, and the Persian ... By introducing absurdity to contemporary war fiction, the concern for ... meaningless; therefore, any absurd text also illustrates the futility of understanding ... novel is not a work of history but an intermediate commentary on the Holocaust.. Proficiency in modern languages is indispensable in a broad range of professions such as ... CHIN 011 Intermediate Chinese Reading and Writing I 2 Credits ... etc. from Francophone Europe, North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Canada, Vietnam, and the Caribbean. ... The PDF will include all information unique to this page.. 1st Edition. By Binh Ngo July 28, 2020. Vietnamese: An Essential Grammar is a concise and user-friendly reference guide to modern Vietnamese. It .... 2 Lisa Drummond, "The Modern 'Vietnamese Woman': Socialization and ... following insight: ―Most essays in this book are marked by an interest in ... ‗intermediate sex' that existed between and thus outside of the biological and social order.. Levels 1-3 for beginners, levels 4-6 for intermediate students. ... own Arabic stories PDF, painting, taking photographs, making collages or singing songs. ... The MP3 audio files by book 2 are a part of our Arabic language course. speech ... Arabic stories for language learners, contemporary short story, Arabic short poem, .... We will read primary cultural texts, ethnographies and histories, and view films that ... PDF The Great Enterprise Sovereignty And Historiography In Modern Korea ... including Japan, China, and Vietnam have absorbed Korean popular culture, and ... B1 & B2), (Intermediate – I1 & I2) and (Advanced levels – A1, A2, A3 & A4).. Intermediate Modern Japanese. (5) Lecture, three hours; discussion, two hours. Requisite: course 3 or 8 with grade of C or better or Japanese placement test.. Vietnamese (Vietnamese: Tiếng Việt) is an Austroasiatic language that originated in Vietnam, ... Modern linguists describe modern Vietnamese having lost many ... "Northern and Southern Vietnamese Tone Coarticulation: A Comparative Case Study" (PDF). Journal of ... Contemporary Vietnamese: An intermediate text.. by MT Vu · 2017 — 4.2 Vietnam contemporary HE and ELT: The raison d'être of our time and the current ... In his milestone book on the professions Professionalism: The third logic. (2001), Freidson ... by their intermediate supervisors and the Human Resources Office. Results ... http://www.princeton.edu/bobst/docs/Final_Paper_vietnam.pdf.. by A Child — The term “country” as used in the text of this publication also refers, as appropriate, to ... B. Adoption laws from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era . ... gov.uk/assetRoot/04/08/05/12/04080512.pdf (accessed 30 October ... Vietnam”. Available from http://www.dohc.ie/press/releases/ ... and Portugal have intermediate levels of.. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ... Vietnam. Yemen. Australia and New Zealand. Australia. New Zealand ... intermediate levels of economic development, and less rapid and more diverse technological change than in the B1 ... the lack of modern observation equipment and badly-needed.. The geographic focus includes the study of contemporary regional characteristics, the ... A map scale and cardinal and intermediate directions can be used to describe the ... The Cold War and conflicts in Korea and Vietnam influenced domestic and ... Reading financial reports (bank statements, stock market reports, mutual .... 2000-level: Intermediate-level undergraduate courses and second-year language courses. • 3000-level: ... Modern Japanese track: https://global.undergrad.columbia.edu/ ... Third-year Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Tibetan, or Vietnamese. (completion of the ... AHUM UN1400 Colloquium on Major Texts: East Asia. 4 points.. Nhu Ngo Ebooks Epub And Pdf. Downloads ... Intermediate Text 1998''vietnamese. Course For Beginner ... Contemporary Life And Popular Media There. ''more.. The use of 'Cham' in title of the book From Ancient Cham to Modern. Dialects: Two ... In the last 2000 years, the Chamic languages of Vietnam have undergone ... serves as an intermediate link between Khmer and Malay, for example. 30 .... by G Lawson · 2012 — models were proposed for three types of contemporary Vietnamese housing. The models will be ... book about Hoi-An, an ancient port town in Central Vietnam with traditional types of urban houses, is ... into individual spaces directly, without passing through any intermediate room or corridor. ... 20Hanoi.pdf. Do, V. T. .... by RR KELSO · Cited by 33 — 4 See infra text accompanying notes 102–15; R. Randall Kelso, The Structure of Planned. Parenthood v. ... These standards track strict scrutiny and intermediate review ... wearing black bands in protest of the Vietnam War was “symbolic.. This book helps you grasp key legal concepts and principles by reinforcing your ... to the key principles of the Companies Act 2006 and modern company law. ... Business Law Today, The Essentials: Text and Summarized Cases in PDF or ... Intermediate Accounting, 17e, is written by industry leaders and is developed .... intermediate macroeconomic theory, comparative economic systems, and ... turned his attention to revising his principles of economics book. Flat ... Modern versions of the first stone tools include saws, meat cleavers, hooks, ... century, Vietnam entered the market as a major exporter of coffee. ... videogameviolence.pdf.. they first appear in the text, and other terms that require further definition are ... centered in Vinh Phu Province of contemporary Vietnam from about 2000 to 1400 ... Occupying an intermediate position between the party and the citizenry were .... inclusion as text exemplars within the Common Core State Standards. ... Students read and annotate a PDF version of the text by highlighting main ideas ... Ma and Pa are now Korean, Vietnamese, Iraqi, Jordanian, Latin American. They live ... This movement is nourished by the contemporary frustration over the continued.. ... in Southeast Asia: Political Participation in Three Intermediate Cities ... Kuala Lumpur," Contemporary Southeast Asia4:4 (March 1983), pp. ... This content is only available via PDF. ... Vietnam in 2020: Controlling COVID and Dissent ... Book Authors · Booksellers · Instructions · Journal Authors · Journal .... 1997–1998, and of the intermediate Vietnamese class in the academic year of ... This Vietnamese language text introduces the contemporary Hanoi dialect. The.. topics-from the workings of the modern media, to globalization, the edu- cation system ... The complete footnotes-which are longer than the text itself-can be ... Vietnam. That was a peripheral issue for the system of power. This is a ... the I.N.F. [Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces] treaty, in December 1987. Right at that time, .... Contemporary Vietnamese: An Intermediate Text (Southeast Asian ... exams can also be downloaded from the Internet for free as PDF files.. THE BOOK. 2ND EDITION ... 237. J. S. Edgren. 17 Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. 253 ... researcher. She investigates various aspects of the book trade history of the early modern ... intermediate rubber cylinder and then onto the paper. In rotary .... IGCSE Chemistry Book PDF (2nd Edition) by RoseMarie Gallagher and Paul ... to political hot potatoes that consider the state of contemporary China, this list of 10 ... This site presents basic and intermediate Mandarin Chinese lessons for you to ... Free Dhamma Books (English, Vietnamese and Chinese) English Sách tiếng .... by N Greis · 1975 · Cited by 1 — Skills, II Reading, Patterns and Vocabulary, III Writing and Grammar. Exercises ... Level: Intermediato, Lower Intermediate/can be used by.teachers. Approach:.. by R Murray · Cited by 1873 — issues of our time. The Open Book presents a varied, vibrant picture of social innovation ... contemporary methods such as those used by Stalker Lab in Rome, which has brought ... results in health and nutrition in Egypt, Argentina, Mali and Vietnam.4 ... 166) Creating intermediate demand via the professions for innovative.. by HC Pham · 2015 — in Vietnam, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, define and make sense of themselves as a new emerging ... interpretation to describe modern Ho Chi Minh City in his research. His book ... large intermediate emerging class, but generally supports a broadly socialistic ideology ... port.pdf (Accessed on 12 December 2013). Jackson .... Although many modern data science algorithms are not based purely in statistics, ... Tajik Tamil Tatar Telugu Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Uzbek Vietnamese. ... SSC CGL Tier 2 Statistics Study Notes – Download as PDF Follow the link given ... A Complete Key Book in PDF Format for Class 11 (XI) / HSSC / Intermediate. to the .... A book like precalculus with limits ron larson pdf second edition is an asset that any precalculus with limits textbook ron ... Tajik Tamil Tatar Telugu Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Uzbek Vietnamese. ... Contemporary Precalculus by Thomas Hungerford, 2000. ... Continuity, including the Intermediate and Extreme Value Theorems.. Mastering the American Accent - facebook.com/LinguaLIB.pdf ... and listening series that takes students from a high-beginning to a high-intermediate level. ... A variety of reading texts from authentic contemporary sources, with exercises which .... Downloadable Content · To view or download the supplementary content for your purchased book, ebook, or kit, please click on the title below:.. by B Le Dung · 2015 · Cited by 3 — Vietnamese market that companies in the sharing economy might face has to do ... by Roo Rogers and Rachel Botsman in their book named 'What's Mine Is Yours: The Rise ... economy is taking advantages of the modern technology to create value from ... company acts as an intermediate for locals and travelers to meet up.. contemporary vietnamese an intermediate text namely piling on loads of ... university of washington press 2002 paperback free pdf d0wnl0ad audio books books.. C. Thinking, Reading, and Writing Historically. 3-3 ... or intermediate progress benchmarks to the ... that shaped the modern world. ... Vietnam, and Chile.. Grandview Elementary (K-2) · Intermediate School (3-5) · Middle/High School (6-12) · Calendars ... Text: HMH Social Studies "American History - Reconstruction to the Present". I have invited you ... Module 19: Contemporary Issues (1999 - Present). Module 19: TEXT PDF. nwsz. Module 16: The Vietnam War (1959 - 1976).. by P Taylor · Cited by 6 — of the Vietnam book series, and to Lorena Kanellopoulos, Sascha. Villarosa, Emily Tinker, and all others at ... and disconnection in the lives of contemporary Vietnamese of the ... intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023247.pdf, accessed 10 ... we visited the household of a teacher at the intermediate school, who had .... v Relate the book's theme to themselves or a contemporary issue. Students ... Summer Reading Students Entering 9th Grade Fall 2015-2016 (pdf) More .. by BN Ngo · Cited by 28 — materials, was the first book in English on Vietnamese linguistics; it was published by ... Contemporary Vietnamese: An Intermediate Text by Nguyễn Bích Thuận.. CHI 301 ADVANCED INTERMEDIATE CHINESE I. ... Development of students' lexicon through reading, watching films, conversation, tapes, ... in East Asian languages (including Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese). ... The course will provide an understanding of contemporary Chinese cinema through analyses of .... Chung Ta Noi: Conversational Vietnamese--An Intermediate Text [Thuy-Kim, ... File Type PDF Chung Ta Noi Conversational Vietnamesean Intermediate Text ... Contemporary Vietnamese Readings , Nguyen Bich Thuan, Southeast Asia .... Every course syllabus must fully conform to the UF Syllabus Policy in pdf. Click on ... GER 3232, German Translation and Text Generation 1, GER3232 Syllabus_Fall19. GER 3401 ... HBR 2220, Intermediate Modern Hebrew 1, HBR2220 Syllabus_Fall19 ... VTN 1130, Beginning Vietnamese 1, VTN1130 Syllabus_Fall19.. by TT Dang · 2020 — Research Institute for Banking, Vietnam Banking Academy, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam ... investment using Vietnam's provincial data and a system generalized method of moment (GMM) ... and post-2012) with contemporary distinct features. ... access to data associated with these tools and intermediate targets .... spoken now in contemporary Vietnam and primarily the Northern dialect as it ... Conversational Vietnamese - An Intermediate Text with 3 audio .... Download book: Contemporary Vietnamese: An Intermediate Text Nguyen Bich Thuan|The Book Of Mormon Download Nguyen Bich Thuan .... by XTTHI NGUYEN · 2011 · Cited by 4 — struggles, involving multifaceted identities of contemporary Vietnamese ... my uncles and a granduncle, Intermediate Grade Junior Officers, were sent to re-educational ... have no clue what she has written [and how these texts change color] on the screen. ... http://www.aaldef.org/docs/AALDEF_LeftintheMargins_NCLB.pdf.. by AVEU org Book — The key economic questions addressed in the book are: How, and how ... especially in South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and Taiwan.1 ... 8 A detailed timeline of the evolution see https://www.who.int/csr/media/sars_wha.pdf?ua=1. ... nations is likely – via the trade in intermediate goods – to create what might .... Read PDF Chung Ta Noi Conversational ... Making Out in VietnameseChúng Ta Nói--Learning modern ... Yourself Vietnamese Complete Course (Book.. In addition, CGSC advances the state of contemporary military knowledge through ... understandable in a single reading or hearing and free of errors in grammar, mechanics, and usage. ... (5) P950, Intermediate Staff College Preparatory Course (1-250-C14 P950) is a two-week course at ... H305 Vietnam II: Vietnamization.. by VI T NAM — of The World Bank and/or The Ministry of Planning and Investment of Vietnam, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions ... Toward Modern Institutions for an Effective State . ... text, political dimensions, and biophysical ... and intermediate trading, the spread ... Rendered/PDF/792350WP0v10EN00.. c c c c 52-227 Juffair, Modern Knowledge. Schools. Riffa: c c c c c ... c c c c c 86-590 Valencia, Colegio Intl de. Carabobo. VIETNAM. Da Nang: c c c c c. 65-355 ... 7381 University of Reading ... Junior high/intermediate/middle school education .... The best-selling nine-level program combines a contemporary theme-based ... Polish, Russian, Spanish, Vietnamese, and a monolingual English edition. ... Grammar is a developmental skills text for intermediate to advanced students of .... Non-fiction texts and fiction stories for students who are reading at a ... Download Alberta Grade 9 Social Textbooks PDF/ePub or read ... Academy Social Studies Curriculum Exchange Intermediate School (6-8). ... Rights and the Modern Era 8th Grade Textbook Milestones Review Glossary Index Unit 9.. Introductory and intermediate music theory lessons, exercises, ear trainers, and ... collection of pieces from the Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and contemporary style periods. ... Download Crash Course Pharmacology - 4th edition PDF book free online ... Tajik Tamil Tatar Telugu Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Uzbek Vietnamese.. Course Title: Intermediate High Vietnamese. Course Code: VL400 ... production, and reading practice introduces texts meant for native speakers. The course ... Are exposed to different issues in contemporary Vietnamese society. ▫ Attempt to .... e-book format so readers can download it for their use on a tablet. ... apply modern technologies and infrastructure, promoting better use of scarce resources. ... graduate into a more intermediate age structure ... http://ww3.weforum.org/docs/WEF GenderGAP Report 2012.pdf. ... Vietnam benefits from a steady growth.. True to Life Upper-Intermediate Class Book-Ruth Gairns 1998-03-05 Presents a five-level ... motivation, the course focuses on contemporary themes, language and ... The same way he felt when he came back from Vietnam. ... Download True To Life Intermediate Class Book: English For Adult Learners pdf.. intermediate and advanced level speaking proficiency in nine languages, including Spanish,. French, Chinese, Japanese, Filipino (Tagalog), Arabic (Modern Standard), ... ooklet.pdf. Sailing the 5 Cs with Learning Strategies. Online resource book ... This test of Vietnamese consists of two parallel forms, each with forty-eight.. modern, and strong socialist country with a. “world-class” ... in border conflicts with India in 1962 and Vietnam in 1979. A contested border with .... english story book grade 7 PDF File - 35 KB) I See an Elephant (Level 7 . ... written for intermediate (CEFR level B1) or upper intermediate (CEFR level B2) learners. ... mysteries, science fiction, historical, fantasy and contemporary novels. ... graders These 12 books bring historical events including slavery, the Vietnam War, .... Amazon.in - Buy Intermediate Spoken Vietnamese book online at best prices in India on Amazon.in. ... Contemporary Vietnamese book. ... All the other pdf downloads are for teacher resources, and the other items are only viewable from online .... by W Rynecki — It relates to modern conflicts--specifically the American Revolution, the First World War and. Vietnam—in that belligerents with real or imagined military superiority are not ... anything from reading Thucydides--regarding a protracted struggle of .... least 1949.1 Despite that fact, following the Vietnam War and through ... 2005b. In his 2013 book, Max Boot makes the argument that insurgency, guerrilla warfare, ... In more than half of the intermediate phases (32 of 58) en route to COIN wins ... http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/uscoin/3pillars_of_counterinsurgency.pdf.. Hong Thi Nguyen at Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City ... The findings show that an updated syllabus, modern teaching methods, and ... the teachers believe themselves to be in the four macro skills (listening, speaking, reading, ... intermediate and upper intermediate levels perceive the policy.. Keywords: oral communication strategies, English non-majors, intermediate ... Strategies among Vietnamese Non-majors of English at Intermediate Level. ... on oral communication strategy use, The Modern Language Journal, 2006, 89/1, 76-91. ... Full-Text PDF · Full-Text ePUB · DOAJ XML · PubMed XML · Citation-(RIS .... by P Taylor · Cited by 6 — of the Vietnam book series, and to Lorena Kanellopoulos, Sascha. Villarosa, Emily Tinker, and all others ... and disconnection in the lives of contemporary Vietnamese of the ... we visited the household of a teacher at the intermediate school, who had recently ... of Biopower Today', available at www.lse.ac.uk/sociology/pdf/.. 3000 English words with meaning PDF. a whale coffee a shoulder an ... with no distinction made between written and spoken vocabulary. pdf), Text File (. ... Rank Vietnamese words in English 1 như as 2 tôi I 3 mình his 4 mà that 5 ông he 6 là ... words (Intermediate) 5000 Most common English words (Upper-Intermediate) .... Students who wish to complete a language through the intermediate level or higher are ... This course surveys contemporary cultures of Latin America. It.. Korean, Chinese and Vietnamese learners of English, with special focus on how these ... with stances of contemporary Western theorists of classroom pedagogy and ... jects with lower or intermediate language levels acquiring language in.. Free Book Integrated Korean Workbook Beginning 2 2nd Edition Klear Textbooks In ... Modern Korean Grammar by Andrew Sangpil Byon, Modern Korean Grammar ... Word by Word Primary Phonics Picture Dictionary, Steven J. Intermediate ... of Chinese, German, Korean, Russian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Vietnamese.. Contemporary Vietnamese: An Intermediate Text (Southeast Asian Language Text) [Thuan, Nguyen Bich] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers.. ... helping them acquire proficiency in the four language skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing) so that they develop effective communication, creativity, .... of the Asian region in contemporary world affairs. For further ... The United States and the Vietnam War. AML 4930. American ... East Asian Texts in Translation. 3. CPO 4507 ... Three semesters of intermediate Chinese language courses (2000 .... by U Camen · Cited by 79 — situate monetary policy in the context of economic developments in Vietnam. Section 3 ... Based on this reading of the SBV Law, monetary policy is largely the responsibility of the ... ultimate, intermediate and operational targets. ... likely to be considerable in Vietnam, since modern risk management is not yet established in.. If the device on which you are reading this e-book allows it, the pdf format will enable ... By contrast, this introduction is limited to contemporary ... Note that Alabama has two intermediate appellate courts, ... Vietnamese names, for example).. Personalities historical, contemporary, and local figures ... o When a teacher congratulates a Vietnamese student for doing something very well, the person may .... ‎"Bamboo Vietnamese" app is perfect for Beginner, Pre-Intermediate ... In this contemporary and technological era, there have been tremendous changes in ... you a life (app-wise). ; The many dialogue texts and idioms mean you will learn … ... Learn Vietnamese twice as fast with your FREE gifts of the month including PDF .... 26 Automatic Speech Recognition and Text-to-Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... chatbots. Of course modern conversational agents are much more than a diversion; they ... It's also instructive to look at the intermediate results, the outputs of the two ... languages like Vietnamese and Cantonese, in which each word generally has one.. BOOK (BOOKING) - What the police do when they arrest someone. Includes taking fingerprints, photographs, and writing down personal information about the.. Download Contemporary Vietnamese Readings free book PDF Author: Nguyen Bich Thuan Pages: 233. ISBN: 9781891134005. Format: Epub, PDF File size: .... Acces PDF Intermediate Cambodian Reader Yale Language Series ... VietnamWhitaker's Cumulative Book ListPossessed by the SpiritsCambodiaEnglish-Khmer ... religion among contemporary Vietnamese following the economic .... Are you an intermediate French learner looking for the perfect book to read? ... Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can ... Set in French colonial Vietnam, it tells the story of a young girl from a French ... he's someone to be aware of if you have any interest in contemporary French .... GRMN 214, Intermediate Reading-B, 2. HIST 200 ... VIET 203, Intermediate Vietnamese-A, 3. VIET 204 ... CHIC 337, Contemporary Chicana/o Literature, 3.. This course is designed for students who have already achieved an intermediate degree of proficiency in speaking, reading, and writing modern Vietnamese.. dle/10665/259366/9789241565516-eng.pdf, accessed 21 June 2018). 6 ... that included text on the UN HLM for TB and the multisectoral ... reliable and modern ... VietNam. 14 509. 4 552. 31. 15 600. (14 200–17 000). 4 128. 26. (24–29).. Publishing RecordModern Vietnamese for Intermediate LevelBeginner's ... Celebrating the vitality of modern Hebrew, this book addresses the challenges and .... It can be download onto your PC, laptop, iPad, iPod or any Pdf reader. ... This is a classic book for beginner and intermediate German language learners. ... Italian Japanese Mandarin Russian Spanish Tagalog Turkish Vietnamese. ... Ms Sanders's book is a biography, not of the modern German language proper, but of the .... keeping pace with the evolution of contemporary Chinese and enhancing ... reading, and writing, it teaches all the basics beginning and intermediate students need ... Vietnam. 10. Jizhu pn. California. 11. Xiàwiyí pn. Hawaii. 12. Shànghi pn. eaeb29290e

3 views0 comments

Recent Posts

See All

コメント


  • Facebook
  • Instagram
bottom of page